The Use of Theories in Competitive Intelligence: a Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37380/jisib.v13i2.1083Keywords:
competitive intelligence, competitive intelligence cycle, theoriesAbstract
The field of competitive intelligence is growing as organisations are looking to increase their competitive advantage in a global society. As this field grows, so does the research and academic literature on this practice. While theory that specifically focuses on competitive intelligence may be limited, theories from other popular and related fields such as management and psychology have been used to explain or guide some the popular competitive intelligence processes with the competitive intelligence cycle. This paper attempts to lay a foundation of relevant theory from previously published literature on competitive intelligence by mapping these theories against the six identified competitive intelligences processes. The qualitative approach used to achieve this was a literature analysis, involving thematic analysis through a process of coding. The resulting consolidation and processing of these theories led to the development of a useful framework from which other current and future theories can be added, paving the way for further theory development in the field of competitive intelligence.References
Abedin, B. 2022. Managing the tension between opposing effects of explainability of artificial intelligence: a contingency theory perspective. Internet Research 32(2): 425-453.
Ahmadinia, H. and Karim, M. 2016. Competitive intelligence: A case study on Qoros automotive manufacturing. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business 6(2): 52-65.
Ali, B. J. and Anwar, G. 2021. Measuring competitive intelligence Network its role on Business Performance. International Journal of English Literature Social Sciences, 6(2).
Bergeron, P. and Hiller,C. A. 2002. Competitive intelligence. Annual Review of Information Science Technology 36(1): 353-390.
Blenkhorn, D. L., and Fleisher, C. S. (Eds.). 2005. Competitive intelligence global business. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Bose, R. 2008. Competitive intelligence process tools for intelligence analysis. Industrial management and data systems 108(4): 510-528.
Botha, D.F. and Boon, J.A. 2008. Competitive intelligence in support of strategic training learning. South African Journal of Information Management 10(3): 1-6.
Calof, J. and Sewdass, N. 2020. On the relationship between competitive intelligence innovation. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, 10(2): 32-43.
Cavallo, A. Sanasi, S. Ghezzi, A. and Rangone, A. 2021. Competitive intelligence strategy formulation: connecting the dots. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 31(2): 250-275.
Charmaz, K. 2015. Teaching theory construction with initial grounded theory tools: A reflection on lessons learning. Qualitative health research 25(12): 1610-1622.
Clarke, V. Braun, V. and Hayfield, N. 2015. Thematic analysis. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods 3(1): 222-248.
Cloutier, A. 2013. Competitive intelligence process integrative model based on a scoping review of the literature. International Journal of Strategic Management 13(1): 57-72.
De Pelsmacker, P. Muller, M.L. Viviers, W. Saayman, A. Cuyvers, L. and Jegers, M. 2005. Competitive intelligence practices of South African Belgian exporters. Marketing Intelligence and Planning 23(6): 606-620.
Dishman, P.L. and Calof, J.L. 2008. Competitive intelligence: a multiphasic precedent to marketing strategy. European Journal of Marketing 42(7/8): 766-785
Diyaolu, A. M. 2019. The role of competitive intelligence in provision of quality information services. Library Philosophy Practice, (1)1: 1-9.
Du Toit, A.S.A. 2015. Competitive intelligence research: an investigation of trends in the literature. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business 5(2): 14-21.
Ezenwa, O. Stella, A. and Agu, A. O. 2018. Effect of competitive intelligence on competitive advantage in Innoson technical industry limited, Enugu state, Nigeria. International Journal of Business, Economics and Management 1(1): 28-39.
Fellman, P. V. and Post, J. V. 2008. Complexity, competitive intelligence the “first mover” advantage. In Unifying Themes in Complex Systems: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Complex Systems (pp. 114-121). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Fernández Arias, M. Quevedo Cano, P. and Hidalgo Nuchera, A. 2017. Relevance of the competitive intelligence process on the Spanish pharmaceutical companies. Brazilian journal of operations and production management 14(1): 112-117.
Fleisher, C.S. and Wright, S. 2009. Causes of competitive analysis failure: understanding responding to problems at the individual Level. In Third European Competitive Intelligence Symposium. Stockholm. [Online]. Available from: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/4518/2009%20-%20ECIS%20Conference%20Paper%20-%20Analyst%20Failure%20FINAL.pdf?sequence=1 [11 July 2023].
Fox, S. 2021. Active inference: Applicability to different types of social organization explained through reference to industrial engineering quality management. Entropy 23(2): 198.
Freyn, S. and Hoffman, F. 2022. Competitive intelligence in an AI world: Practitioners’ thoughts on technological advances the educational needs of their successors. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business 12(3): 6-17.
Gatibu, J. and Kilika, J. 2017. Competitive intelligence practices performance of Equity Bank in Kenya. International Academic Journal of Human Resource Business Administration 2(4): 219-239.
Grant R.M. 1991. The resource based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review 33(3): 114–135.
Hanif, N. Arshed, N. and Farid, H. 2022. Competitive intelligence process strategic performance of banking sector in Pakistan. International Journal of Business Information Systems 39(1): 52-75.
Hazen, B. T. Skipper, J. B. Ezell, J. D. and Boone, C. A. 2016. Big data predictive analytics for supply chain sustainability: A theory-driven research agenda. Computers and Industrial Engineering 101(1): 592-598.
Heppes, D. and Du Toit, A. 2009. Level of maturity of the competitive intelligence function: case study of a retail bank in South Africa. Association for information Management Proceedings: New Information Perspectives 61(1): 48-66.
Heppes, D.W. 2006. An assessment of the level of maturity of the competitive intelligence function within a South African retail ankb. Master’s dissertation, University of Johannesburg. [Online]. Available from: https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Repository/uj:8447 [22 May 2017]
Hoffman, F. P. and Freyn, S. L. 2019. The future of competitive intelligence in an AI-enabled world. International Journal of Value Chain Management 10(4): 275-289.
Hristovski, R. and Balagué, N. 2020. Theory of cooperative-competitive intelligence: principles, research directions, applications. Frontiers in Psychology 11(1): 2220.
Hughes, S. F. 2017. A new model for identifying emerging technologies. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business 7(1): 20-35.
Jafar, M. (2020). The impact of competitive intelligence (CI) management on the competitiveness performance of retail companies in Indonesia. Journal of Social Science Advanced Research 1(2):138-159.
Jin, T. 2008. An exploratory study on information work activities of competitive intelligence professionals. Quebec: McGill University.
Jin, T. and Bouthillier, F. 2006. Understanding information transformation process in the context of competitive intelligence. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science Technology 43(1): 1-14.
Johannesson, J. and Palona I. 2010. Environmental turbulence the success of a firm's intelligence strategy: Development of research instruments. International Journal of Management 27(3): 448.
Johannesson, J. and Palona, I. 2010. Environmental turbulence and the success of a firm's intelligence strategy: Development of research instruments. International Journal of Management 27(3): 448.
Johnson, A.R. 2004. The top 12 priorities for competitive intelligence [Online]. Available from: http://www-sop.inria.fr/acacia/WORKSHOPS/ECAI2002-OM/soumissions/ECAI2002- johnson-1.htm [28 June 2023].
Kahaner, L. 1996. Competitive Intelligence: From Black Ops to Boardrooms – How Businesses Gather, Analyse, Use Information To Succeed in The Global Marketplace. New York: Simon Schuster
Kun, S. 2014. Enterprise competitive intelligence system research based on data mining technology. Applied Mechanics Materials 654(1): 1562-1565.
Lacey, F. M. Matheson, L. and Jesson, J. 2011. Doing your literature review: Traditional systematic techniques. Doing Your Literature Review 1(1): 1-192.
Madureira, L. Popovič, A. and Castelli, M. 2021. Competitive intelligence: A unified view modular definition. Technological Forecasting Social Change 173(1): 121086.
Maune, A. 2014. Competitive intelligence as an enabler for firm competitiveness: An overview. Journal of Governance Regulation 3(2): 29-42.
Author 1 and Fourie, I. 2018. Competitive intelligence failures: An information behaviour lens to key intelligence information needs. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 70(4): 367-389.
McGonagle, J. J. and Vella, C. M. 2002. Bottom line competitive intelligence. Greenwood Publishing Group.
McGonagle, J. J.2016. Competitive intelligence. Journal of US Intelligence Studies Volume 22(2): 55-56.
McKenna, E. F. (2000). Business psychology organisational behaviour: a student's handbook. Psychology Press.
Mengist, W. Soromessa, T. and Legese, G. 2020. Method for conducting systematic literature review meta-analysis for environmental science research. MethodsX 7(1): 100777.
Miller, J. 2000. Millennium intelligence: understanding conducting competitive intelligence in the digital age. Menford, N.J: CyberAge Books.
Mogbolu, N. 2022. Advancing competitive advantage in manufacturing firms through competitive intelligence. Journal of Global Economics Business 3(11): 61-80.
Moneme, C. P., Nzewi, H. N., and Mgbemena, I. C. (2017). Competitive intelligence product development in selected pharmaceutical firms in Anambra state of Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research Publications 7(4): 288-299.
Muller, M.L. 2002. Managing Competitive Intelligence. Johannesburg: Knowres Publishing.
Muritala, A. S. Asikhia, O. U. Makinde, O. G. and Akinlabi, H. B. 2019. Competitive Intelligence Employee Productivity Of Selected Insurance Companies In Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Research Advanced Studies 6(6): 128-134.
Murphy, C. 2006. Competitive intelligence: what corporate documents can tell you. Business information review 23(1): 35-42.
Murphy, C. 2016. Competitive intelligence: Gathering, analysing putting it to work. Routledge
Naeini, A. B., Mosayebi, A., and Mohajerani, N. (2019). A hybrid model of competitive advantage based on Bourdieu capital theory competitive intelligence using fuzzy Delphi ism-gray Dematel (study of Iranian food industry). International Review, (1-2): 21-35.
Nasri, W. 2011. Competitive intelligence in Tunisian companies. Journal of Enterprise Information Management 24(1): 53-67.
Nasri, W. and Zarai, M. 2013. Key success factors for developing competitive intelligence in organisation. American Journal of Business Management 2(3): 239-244.
Nemutanzhela, P. and Iyamu, T. 2011. The impact of competitive intelligence on products services innovation in organizations. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science Applications 2(11): 9-157.
Nikolaos, T. and Evangelia, F. 2012. Competitive intelligence: concept, context a case of its application. Science Journal of Business Management (2)15: 1-15
Nitse, P. S., and Parker, K. R. (2003). Library Science, Knowledge Management, Competitive Intelligence: Archive Theory—The Common Link. The Reference Librarian 38(79-80): 395-407.
Nte, N. D. Omede, K. N. Enokie, B. K. and Bienose, O. 2020. Competitive Intelligence Competitive Advantage in Pharmaceutical Firms in Developing Economies: A Review of Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Management, economics, Industrial Organization 4(1): 76-99.
Obonyo, M. O. and Kilika, J. M. 2020. Competitive Intelligence Corresponding Outcome in a Strategic Management Process: A Review of Literature. Journal of Economics Business, 3(4): 1689-1707.
Olszak, C. M. 2014. Towards an understanding business intelligence. A dynamic capability-based framework for Business Intelligence. In 2014 Federated conference on computer science information systems, (2)1: 1103-1110.
Omede, N. K., Egwuenu, A. S., and Ibekwe, E. M. (2020). Competitive Intelligence Product Development/Innovations in Pharmaceutical Firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi dan Manajeme 19(2): 92-110.
Opait, G. Bleoju, G. Nistor, R. and Capatina, A. 2016. The influences of competitive intelligence budgets on informational energy dynamics. Journal of business research 69(5): 1682-1689.
Pellissier, R. and Nenzhelele, T. E. 2013. Towards a universal competitive intelligence process model. South African Journal of Information Management 15(2): 1-7.
Prescott, J.E. and Miller, S.H. 2002. Proven strategies in competitive intelligence: lessons from the trenches. NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Ranjan, J. and Foropon, C. 2021. Big data analytics in building the competitive intelligence of organizations. International Journal of Information Management 56(1): 102231.
Rouach, D. and Santi, P. 2001. Competitive intelligence adds value:: Five intelligence attitudes. European management journal 19(5): 552-559.
Sande, G. and Ragui, M. 2018. Competitive intelligence practices performance of Equity Bank Limited. International Academic Journal of Human Resource Business Administration 3(1): 282-302.
Sassi, D. B. Frini, A. Karaa, W. B. A. and Kraiem, N. 2016. A competitive intelligence solution to predict competitor action using K-modes algorithm rough set theory. Procedia Computer Science 96(1): 597-606.
Seng Yap, C. Zabid Abdul Rashid, M. and Amat Sapuan, D. 2013. Perceived environmental uncertainty competitive intelligence practices. The journal of information knowledge management systems 43(4): 462-481.
Sewlal, R. 2004. Effectiveness of the Web as a competitive intelligence tool. South African Journal of Information Management 6(1): 1-16.
Sidorchuk, R. 2015. The Concept of" Value" in the Theory of Marketing. Asian Social Science 11(9): 320.
Søilen, K. S. 2017. Why care about competitive intelligence market intelligence? The case of Ericsson the Swedish Cellulose Company. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business 7(2): 28-38.
Taib, K. M. Yatin, S. F. M. Ahmad, A. R. and Mansor, A. N. 2008. Knowledge management competitive intelligence: A synergy for organizational competitiveness in the K-Economy. Communications of the IBIMA 6(1): 25-34.
Tawfik, G. M. Dila, K. A. S. Mohamed, M. Y. F. Tam, D. N. H. Kien, N. D. Ahmed, A. M. and Huy, N. T. 2019. A step by step guide for conducting a systematic review meta-analysis with simulation data. Tropical medicine health 47(1): 1-9.
Tej Adidam, P. Gajre, S. and Kejriwal, S. 2009. Cross-cultural competitive intelligence strategies. Marketing Intelligence and Planning 27(5): 666-680.
Thornberg, R. and Charmaz, K. 2014. Grounded theory theoretical coding. The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis 5(1): 153-69.
van den Berg, L. Coetzee, B. and Mearns, M. 2020. Establishing competitive intelligence process elements in sport performance analysis coaching: A comparative systematic literature review. International Journal of Information Management 52 (1): 102071.
Voola, R. Carlson, J. and West, A. 2004. Emotional intelligence competitive advantage: examining the relationship from a resource‐based view. Strategic Change 13(2): 83-93.
Weiss, A. 2002. A brief guide to competitive intelligence: how to gather use information on competitors. Business Information Review 19(2): 39-47.
Wright, S. and Calof, J.L. 2006. The quest for competitive, business marketing intelligence: a country comparison of current practices’. European Journal of Marketing 40(5/6): 453–465.
Wu, Q. Yan, D. and Umair, M. 2023. Assessing the role of competitive intelligence practices of dynamic capabilities in business accommodation of SMEs. Economic Analysis Policy 77(1):1103-1114. Author, author and author (YEAR) Name of article in italics. (pp. X-Y) Publication.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
